India overtook China in 2023 and now leads by roughly 48 million people — about the entire population of Spain. The more interesting story is the shape of the list: 11 of the 20 seats are Asian, 4 African, 3 American, and only Germany and Russia remain from Europe. The shrinking side is easy to miss: China has declined every year since 2022, Japan has been losing people for more than a decade, and Thailand has now started to fall as well. Africa is rewriting the table from the bottom up: Nigeria (238 million) has already passed Brazil, and Ethiopia (135 million) has passed Japan.