Jericho, located in the West Bank, is widely recognized as the oldest known trading hub in human history. Archaeological evidence confirms that by 9000 BCE, the settlement had already developed sophisticated fortifications, such as the 8.5-meter-tall Jericho Tower—a structure that functioned as the "skyscraper" of the Neolithic world.

• A Striking Contrast: While most of humanity was still practicing nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles, the inhabitants of Jericho were already operating cross-regional trade networks, exchanging obsidian, salt, and bitumen.
• Key Fact: Jericho was not merely a marketplace; it was the cradle of urban planning. Its commercial activities predated the iconic Roman Forum by a staggering 8,000 years, proving that trade was the primordial engine driving the transition from simple settlements to complex civilizations.